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( A-C ) ( D - H) ( I M) (N -R ) (S- T ) (U-Z )
U
An open reading frame encoding a protein of undefined function.
Nitrogenous pyrimidine base found in RNA but not DNA.
V
DNA sequence blocks of 2-60 base pairs which are repeated from two to more than 20 times in different individuals. This polymorphism makes VNTRs very useful DNA markers used in genomic mapping, linkage analysis and also DNA fingerprinting.
Variation in genetic sequences and the detection of DNA sequence variants genome-wide allow studies relating the distribution of sequence variation to a population history. This in turn allows one to determine the density of SNPS or other markers needed for gene mapping studies. Quantitation of these variations together with analytical tools for studying sequence variation also relate genetic variations to phenotype.
Any agent that transfers material (typically DNA) from one host to another. Typically DNA vectors are autonomous DNA elements (such as plasmids) that can be manipulated and integrated into a host's DNA or recombinant viruses.
The creation and storage of vast collections of molecular structures in an electronic database. These databases may be queried for subsets that exhibit specific physicochemical features, or may be "virtually screened" for their ability to bind a drug target. This process may be performed prior to the synthesis and testing of the molecules themselves.
Visualization is the process of representing abstract scientific data as images that can aid in understanding the meaning of the data.
W
The density of binding sites in a gene or sequence can be used to derive a ratio of density for each element in a pattern of interest. The combined individual density ratios of all elements are then collectively used to build a scoring profile known as a weight matrix. This profile can be used to test the prediction of the identification of the selected pattern and the ability of the algorithm to discriminate them from non-pattern sequences.
Technique in which specific antibodies are used to identify their antigens from a mixture of proteins. Typically, these proteins mixtures are first separated by electrophoresis and then transfered onto nylon sheets by electrotransfer. Radiolabeled or enzyme-linked antibodies are incubated with the sheets and unbound antibodies washed away allowing the position of the bound antibody to be revealed by autoradiography or color which is formed upon addition of a substrate.
Form of a gene or allele that is considered the "standard" or most common.
X
In mammals, the sex chromosome that is found in two copies in the homogametic sex (female in humans) and one copy in the hererogametic sex (male in humans).
Y
A yeast-based method used to simultaneously identify, and clone the gene for, proteins interacting with a known protein. The basis of this method is a "transcriptional reporter assay" (see definition) in which reporter gene expression is dependent on two domains. The first domain is linked to the known protein. The second domain is genetically linked to a library. If the library is screened against the known protein the two domains will interact only if a protein from the library binds the known protein, resulting in transcription activation of the reporter gene, and a blue color. The "blue yeast clone" will contain the gene encoding the newly identified protein.
Z
A conformation of DNA existing as a left-handed double helix (the phosphate-sugar backbone forms a left-handed zig-zag course), which may play a role in gene regulation.
A protein motif formed by the interaction of repeated cysteine and histidine residues with a zinc ion. The spacing of the repeats results in finger like arrangements of the protein loops formed from the interaction which interact with DNA. These motifs are typically found in transcription factors.